What is the difference between Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plate and ordinary steel plate?

When it comes to structural engineering and mechanical applications, the choice of materials plays a crucial role in ensuring durability, performance, and cost-effectiveness. Two commonly used materials in heavy-duty applications are Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates and Ordinary Steel Plates . While both are used for load-bearing purposes, they differ significantly in structure, performance, and application .

1. Composition and Structure
The most fundamental difference lies in their material composition .

Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plate is a hybrid material that combines a steel base with a copper or copper alloy layer on its surface. This layered structure allows the plate to benefit from the high strength and rigidity of steel , while the copper layer provides excellent wear resistance, thermal conductivity, and anti-friction properties .
Ordinary Steel Plate , on the other hand, is made entirely of steel, typically carbon steel or low-alloy steel. It does not have any additional surface layer or coating, and its performance depends solely on the properties of the steel used.
2. Mechanical and Functional Properties
Because of their different structures, these two types of plates exhibit distinct mechanical and functional characteristics.

Load-Bearing Capacity : Both materials are strong and capable of supporting heavy loads. However, Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates are often used in dynamic or sliding applications , where friction and wear are concerns. The copper layer helps reduce surface wear and extends the service life of the component.
Wear and Friction Resistance : One of the key advantages of Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates is their superior wear resistance . The copper layer acts as a bearing surface , reducing friction between moving parts. Ordinary steel plates, especially without lubrication or surface treatment, are more prone to wear and heat buildup.
Corrosion Resistance : Copper has better corrosion resistance compared to steel, especially in humid or mildly acidic environments. Therefore, Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates are more resistant to oxidation and environmental degradation than ordinary steel plates.
Thermal Conductivity : Copper has much higher thermal conductivity than steel. This makes Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates ideal for applications where heat dissipation is important, such as in heavy machinery and industrial equipment.
3. Application Scenarios
The different properties of these two materials lead to different usage scenarios .

Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates are commonly used in bridge bearings, heavy machinery, railway systems, hydraulic equipment , and industrial sliding supports . These are areas where low friction, high wear resistance , and long-term reliability are essential.
Ordinary Steel Plates are widely used in general construction, shipbuilding, automotive frames, and other applications where structural support is needed, but sliding or rotational movement is not a major concern. They are often used in static structures such as buildings, tanks, and platforms .
4. Cost and Maintenance
Cost : Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates are generally more expensive than ordinary steel plates due to the additional materials and manufacturing processes involved. However, their longer service life and reduced maintenance costs can offset the initial investment over time.
Maintenance : Because of the self-lubricating properties of the copper layer, Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates require less maintenance and are less likely to seize or wear out quickly. Ordinary steel plates may require regular lubrication or replacement in high-friction environments.
5. Installation and Machining
Installation : Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates are often designed with specific installation requirements , such as alignment and surface contact considerations. They may also require precision fitting to ensure optimal performance.
Machining : Ordinary steel plates are easier to cut, weld, and shape , making them more versatile in general fabrication. Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates, due to their layered structure, may require specialized tools and techniques to avoid damaging the copper surface.

The main differences between Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates and Ordinary Steel Plates lie in their material composition, performance characteristics, and application fields .

While ordinary steel plates offer cost-effectiveness and ease of use in general construction and structural applications, Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates provide superior wear resistance, reduced friction, and enhanced durability , making them ideal for high-performance mechanical and civil engineering systems .

Choosing between the two depends on the specific load conditions, environmental factors , and functional requirements of the project. For applications that demand long-term reliability and reduced maintenance , Steel-Copper Composite Bearing Plates are often the preferred choice.